Catalogue Number
BN-O1043
Analysis Method
Specification
98%(HPLC)
Storage
2-8°C
Molecular Weight
128.22
Appearance
Botanical Source
Structure Type
Category
SMILES
CN1CCCC1CCN
Synonyms
2-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)ethanamine/N-Methyl-2-(2-aminoethyl)pyrrolidine/2-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)ethylamine/2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethanamine/2-(2-AMINOETHYL)-1-METHYL-PYRROLIDINE/2-Pyrrolidineethanamine, 1-methyl-/N-Methyl-(2-Aminoethyl)-Pyrrolidine
IUPAC Name
2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethanamine
Density
0.9±0.1 g/cm3
Solubility
Flash Point
65.0±0.0 °C
Boiling Point
152.7±8.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point
InChl
InChl Key
PNHGJPJOMCXSKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
WGK Germany
RID/ADR
HS Code Reference
Personal Projective Equipment
Correct Usage
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Meta Tag
provides coniferyl ferulate(CAS#:51387-90-7) MSDS, density, melting point, boiling point, structure, formula, molecular weight etc. Articles of coniferyl ferulate are included as well.>> amp version: coniferyl ferulate
No Technical Documents Available For This Product.
28881655
Aberrant DNA methylation patterns, which induced by folate deficiency, play important roles in tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Some DNA methylation alterations can also be detected in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of patients’ plasma, making cfDNA an ideal noninvasive circulating biomarker. However, exact DNA methylation alterations induced by folate deficiency in tumorigenesis of CRC and exact potential circulating cfDNA methylation biomarker are still unclear. Therefore, DNA methylation patterns of the normal human colon mucosal epithelial cell line (NCM460), cultured with normal or low folate content, were screened and the DNA hypomethylation of cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) promoter was further validated in vitro and vivo. Then, the correlation analysis between folate level, DNA methylation alteration in promoter and expression of CBS was carried out in vitro and vivo. Further, the methylation patterns of CBS promoter in plasma cfDNA were detected and statistically correlated with pathological parameters and clinical outcome. Our study showed that DNA hypomethylation in CBS promoter, induced by folate deficiency, would lead to up-regulation of CBS both in vitro and vivo. Patients with cfDNA hypomethylation of CBS promoter in plasma were correlated with high tumor stage and poor clinical outcome. In addition, cfDNA hypomethylation of CBS promoter in plasma was shown to be an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and cancer-related death in CRC. Our results indicated that DNA hypomethylation of CBS promoter induced by folate deficiency could serve as a potential noninvasive circulating biomarker and may be helpful in developing more effective prognostic markers for CRC.
DNA methylation, colorectal cancer, folate, CBS, cell-free DNA
DNA hypomethylation of CBS promoter induced by folate deficiency is a potential noninvasive circulating biomarker for colorectal adenocarcinomas
Geng Xue,#1 Chao-Jing Lu,#2 Shu-Jun Pan,#3 Yin-Ling Zhang,1 Hui Miao,1 Shi Shan,1 Xiao-Ting Zhu,1 and Yi Zhang1
2017 Aug 1
26048939
Taxonomic classification of Clostridium botulinum is based on the production of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), while closely related, nontoxic organisms are classified as Clostridium sporogenes. However, this taxonomic organization does not accurately mirror phylogenetic relationships between these species. A phylogenetic reconstruction using 2,016 orthologous genes shared among strains of C. botulinum group I and C. sporogenes clearly separated these two species into discrete clades which showed ∼93% average nucleotide identity (ANI) between them. Clustering of strains based on the presence of variable orthologs revealed 143 C. sporogenes clade-specific genetic signatures, a subset of which were further evaluated for their ability to correctly classify a panel of presumptive C. sporogenes strains by PCR. Genome sequencing of several C. sporogenes strains lacking these signatures confirmed that they clustered with C. botulinum strains in a core genome phylogenetic tree. Our analysis also identified C. botulinum strains that contained C. sporogenes clade-specific signatures and phylogenetically clustered with C. sporogenes strains. The genome sequences of two bont/B2-containing strains belonging to the C. sporogenes clade contained regions with similarity to a bont-bearing plasmid (pCLD), while two different strains belonging to the C. botulinum clade carried bont/B2 on the chromosome. These results indicate that bont/B2 was likely acquired by C. sporogenes strains through horizontal gene transfer. The genome-based classification of these species used to identify candidate genes for the development of rapid assays for molecular identification may be applicable to additional bacterial species that are challenging with respect to their classification.
Implications of Genome-Based Discrimination between Clostridium botulinum Group I and Clostridium sporogenes Strains for Bacterial Taxonomy
Michael R. Weigand,a Angela Pena-Gonzalez,b Timothy B. Shirey,c Robin G. Broeker,c Maliha K. Ishaq,c Konstantinos T. Konstantinidis,a,b and Brian H. Raphaelcorresponding authorc
2015 Aug;
22536313
Background
The Hospital Acquired Condition Strategy (HACS) denies payment for venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The intention is to reduce complications and associated costs, while improving the quality of care by mandating VTE prophylaxis. We applied a system dynamics model to estimate the impact of HACS on VTE rates, and potential unintended consequences such as increased rates of bleeding and infection and decreased access for patients who might benefit from TKA.
Methods and Findings
The system dynamics model uses a series of patient stocks including the number needing TKA, deemed ineligible, receiving TKA, and harmed due to surgical complication. The flow of patients between stocks is determined by a series of causal elements such as rates of exclusion, surgery and complications. The number of patients harmed due to VTE, bleeding or exclusion were modeled by year by comparing patient stocks that results in scenarios with and without HACS. The percentage of TKA patients experiencing VTE decreased approximately 3-fold with HACS. This decrease in VTE was offset by an increased rate of bleeding and infection. Moreover, results from the model suggest HACS could exclude 1.5% or half a million patients who might benefit from knee replacement through 2020.
Conclusion
System dynamics modeling indicates HACS will have the intended consequence of reducing VTE rates. However, an unintended consequence of the policy might be increased potential harm resulting from over administration of prophylaxis, as well as exclusion of a large population of patients who might benefit from TKA.
System Dynamics to Model the Unintended Consequences of Denying Payment for Venous Thromboembolism after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Mathias Worni, 1 , 2 Ricardo Pietrobon, 1 , 2 Guilherme Roberto Zammar, 1 , 3 Jatin Shah, 1 Bryan Yoo, 6 Mauro Maldonato, 1 , 7 Steven Takemoto, 4 , 5 and Thomas P. Vail 5 , *
2012;
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