Otophylloside B 4”’-O- beta-D-cymaropyranoside

29529162

Background
The carbohydrate-to-fiber ratio is a recommended measure of carbohydrate quality; however, its relation to incident coronary heart disease (CHD) is not currently known.

Objective
We aimed to assess the relation between various measures of carbohydrate quality and incident CHD.

Design
Data on diet and lifestyle behaviors were prospectively collected on 75,020 women and 42,865 men participating in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) starting in 1984 and 1986, respectively, and every 2-4 y thereafter until 2012. All participants were free of known diabetes mellitus, cancer, or cardiovascular disease at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the relation between dietary measures of carbohydrate quality and incident CHD.

Results
After 1,905,047 (NHS) and 921,975 (HPFS) person-years of follow-up, we identified 7,320 cases of incident CHD. In models adjusted for age, lifestyle behaviors, and dietary variables, the highest quintile of carbohydrate intake was not associated with incident CHD (pooled-RR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.14; P-trend = 0.31). Total fiber intake was not associated with risk of CHD (pooled-RR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.03; P-trend = 0.72), while cereal fiber was associated with a lower risk for incident CHD (pooled-RR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.87; P-trend < 0.0001). In fully adjusted models, the carbohydrate-to-total fiber ratio was not associated with incident CHD (pooled-RR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.13; P-trend = 0.46). However, the carbohydrate-to-cereal fiber ratio and the starch-to-cereal fiber ratio were associated with an increased risk for incident CHD (pooled-RR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.29; P-trend < 0.0001, and pooled-RR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.09, 1.27; P-trend < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion Dietary cereal fiber appears to be an important component of carbohydrate quality. The carbohydrate-to-cereal fiber ratio and the starch-to-cereal fiber ratio, but not the carbohydrate-to-fiber ratio, was associated with an increased risk for incident CHD. Future research should focus on how various measures of carbohydrate quality are associated with CHD prevention. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03214861.

carbohydrates, carbohydrate quality, diet quality, whole grains, type 2 diabetes, starch, fiber

Carbohydrate quality and quantity and risk of coronary heart disease among US women and men

Hala B AlEssa,1 Randy Cohen,5 Vasanti S Malik,1 Sally N Adebamowo,6 Eric B Rimm,1,2,3 JoAnn E Manson,2,4 Walter C Willett,1,2,3 and Frank B Hu1,2,3

2018 Feb

29527452

The cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) was used to catalyze the conversion of starch into cyclodextrins (CD) in industry. Improving the activity of CGTase to produce more CD with relative low cost is intensely interesting and has drawn wide attention. Amino acid mutation of His167 into Cys significantly enhanced β-CGTase activity; however, optimization of culture conditions for β-CGTase-H167C remains unclear. To determine this, the medium and culture conditions for β-CGTase-H167C were optimized with response surface methodology. Maximum activity of β-CGTase-H167C was obtained with the medium containing 1.1% corn starch, 4.4% corn steep liquor, 1.1% peptone, 0.02% MgSO4·7H2O and 0.1% K2HPO4·3H2O that were cultured with the initial pH 8.4, incubation temperature at 37.4 °C, with 5% inoculation size and shaking speed at 202 r/min. Under the optimal conditions, the activity of β-CGTase-H167C was up to 4355 U/mL, which is 1.93-fold in comparison with the initial activity. Our results established the promising culture strategy for the production of cyclodextrins by β-CGTase-H167C.

β-CGTase, Optimization, Medium components, Culture conditions, Cyclodextrins

Optimization of the fermentation conditions for the mutant strain of β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase H167C to produce cyclodextrins

Hua Wang,corresponding author1 Wenxi Zhou,2 Hua Li,1 and Rie Bu1

2018 Mar;