Catalogue Number
BN-O0978
Analysis Method
HPLC,NMR,MS
Specification
98%(HPLC)
Storage
2-8°C
Molecular Weight
422.47
Appearance
Botanical Source
Structure Type
Category
Standards;Natural Pytochemical;API
SMILES
Synonyms
IUPAC Name
5-[(2R,3S)-3-hydroxy-5-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl]-3-methoxybenzene-1,2-diol
Density
Solubility
Flash Point
Boiling Point
Melting Point
InChl
InChI=1S/C5H5N5/c6-5-9-3-1-7-8-2-4(3)10-5/h1-2H,(H3,6,9,10)
InChl Key
WGK Germany
RID/ADR
HS Code Reference
2933990000
Personal Projective Equipment
Correct Usage
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Meta Tag
provides coniferyl ferulate(CAS#:208106-53-0) MSDS, density, melting point, boiling point, structure, formula, molecular weight etc. Articles of coniferyl ferulate are included as well.>> amp version: coniferyl ferulate
No Technical Documents Available For This Product.
18671933
It is becoming increasingly clear that parasitic infections frequently contain multiple strains of the same parasite species. This may have important consequences for the parasite dynamics in the host and thus alter disease and transmission dynamics. In Trypanosoma brucei, the causal agent of human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), multiple-strain infections have previously been demonstrated to occur. Here, we analyzed field isolates of T. b. gambiense, T. b. rhodesiense, and T. b. brucei, isolated throughout Africa to assess the commonness of multiple-strain infections across the natural range of this parasite. Using eight highly variable microsatellite loci, we found multiple strains in 8.8% of our isolates. Due to the technical challenges of detecting multiple infections this number represents a minimum estimate and the true frequency of multiple-strain infections is likely to be higher. Multiple-strain infections occurred across the entire East-West range of the parasite. Together with previous results, these findings strongly suggest that multiple-strain infections are common for this parasite and that their consequences for epidemiology and parasite evolution should be investigated in detail.
Trypanosoma brucei, microsatellites, co-infection, multiple infection, strains, isolates, sleeping sickness, nagana
Multiple-strain infections of Trypanosoma brucei across Africa
Oliver Balmera,b,c,* and Adalgisa Cacconea,d
2009 Sep 1.
20337557
The direct transfer of genes into differentiated insect tissues is a useful method of determining gene function because it circumvents the need to perform germ line transformations and of having information on tissue-specific gene promoters. Here in vivo gene delivery is achieved through electroporation of a reporter gene into the pupal forewing of the butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Plasmids containing the coding sequence for enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), driven by the Drosophila heat-shock promoter hsp70, were successfully expressed in epidermal cells after plasmid injection followed by electroporation and heat shock. EGFP expression was restricted to the vicinity of the injection and electroporation site, but the number of transformed cells varied from a few to over 5000 cells. Electroporation parameters were optimized in order to maximize the number of transformed cells while minimizing the extent of damage to the adult wing. While certain electrical parameters were well tolerated by the wing tissue, the physical damage caused by the insertion of the tungsten electrodes led to frequent disruptions of the adult wing pattern around the puncture sites. While this technique can be useful to test the correct expression of marker genes (such as EGFP) in newly build plasmids immediately following their injection, its potential use in testing the function of candidate genes in wing pattern formation is limited.
electroporation, EGFP, Bicyclus anynana, somatic transformation, functional genetics, Lepidoptera, wing patterns
In Vivo Electroporation of DNA into the Wing Epidermis of the Butterfly, Bicyclus anynana
Kyle Golden,1 Veena Sagi,1,,a Nathan Markwarth,1 Bin Chen,1,,2,,b and Antonia Monteiro1,,2,,c
2007
30395332
Evolutionary history is typically portrayed as a branching phylogenetic tree, yet not all evolution proceeds in a purely bifurcating manner. Introgressive hybridization is one process that results in reticulate evolution. Most known examples of genome-wide introgression occur among closely related species with relatively recent common ancestry; however, we present evidence for ancient hybridization and genome-wide introgression between major stem lineages of darters, a species-rich clade of North American freshwater fishes. Previous attempts to resolve the relationships of darters have been confounded by the uncertain phylogenetic resolution of the lineage Allohistium. In this study, we investigate the phylogenomics of darters, specifically the relationships of Allohistium, through analyses of approximately 30,000 RADseq loci sampled from 112 species. Our phylogenetic inferences are based on traditional approaches in combination with strategies that accommodate reticulate evolution. These analyses result in a novel phylogenetic hypothesis for darters that includes ancient introgression between Allohistium and other two major darter lineages, minimally occurring 20 million years ago. Darters offer a compelling case for the necessity of incorporating phylogenetic networks in reconstructing the evolutionary history of diversification in species-rich lineages. We anticipate that the growing wealth of genomic data for clades of non-model organisms will reveal more examples of ancient hybridization, eventually requiring a re-evaluation of how evolutionary history is visualized and utilized in macroevolutonary investigations.
Ancient hybridization, darters, Etheostomatinae, phylogenetic networks, phylogenomics, RADseq
Phylogenomic Signatures of Ancient Introgression in a Rogue Lineage of Darters (Teleostei: Percidae)
Daniel J MacGuigan1 and Thomas J Near1,2
2019 Mar;
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