Catalogue Number
AV-H03061
Analysis Method
HPLC,NMR,MS
Specification
98%
Storage
2-8°C
Molecular Weight
1123.54
Appearance
Botanical Source
Structure Type
Category
Standards;Natural Pytochemical;API
SMILES
CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C(C2(C(CC1(C)C)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)CO)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)CO)OC(=O)C
Synonyms
2,3,4-Tri-O-benzyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-6-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-α-L-mannopyranosyl-(1->2)-4-amino-3,6-di-O-benzyl-4-deoxy-1-O-{(3β,16α)-23,28-dioxo-3,16-bis[(triethylsilyl)oxy]o lean-12-en-28-yl}-β-D-galactopyranose/β-D-Galactopyranose, O-2,3,4-tris-O-(phenylmethyl)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-O-6-deoxy-2,3-O-(1-methylethylidene)-α-L-mannopyranosyl-(1->2)-4-amino-4-deoxy-1-O-[(3β,16α)-23,28-dioxo-3, 16-bis[(triethylsilyl)oxy]olean-12-en-28-yl]-3,6-bis-O-(phenylmethyl)-/SAPONINS/SAPONINE/Tea Saponin/Sapogenins glycosides
IUPAC Name
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4S,6aR,6bS,8R,8aR,9R,10R,14bR)-9-acetyloxy-8-hydroxy-4,8a-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-10-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid
Density
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
Solubility
Flash Point
Boiling Point
Melting Point
158℃
InChl
InChl Key
WGK Germany
RID/ADR
HS Code Reference
Personal Projective Equipment
Correct Usage
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Meta Tag
provides coniferyl ferulate(CAS#:8047-15-2) MSDS, density, melting point, boiling point, structure, formula, molecular weight etc. Articles of coniferyl ferulate are included as well.>> amp version: coniferyl ferulate
No Technical Documents Available For This Product.
30622216
Saponins function as a natural self?defense mechanism for plants to deter various insects due to their unpleasant taste and their toxicity. Here, we provide evidence that saponin from Quillaja saponaria functions as an antifeedant as well as an insecticide to ward off insects in both the larval and the adult stages. Using a behavioral screen of 26 mutant fly lines, we show that the Gr28b gene cluster plays a role in saponin avoidance in the labellum. The Gr28b mutant does not avoid saponin and exhibits increased lethality when fed saponin?mixed food. Tissue?specific rescue experiments with five different Gr28b isoforms revealed that only the Gr28b.c isoform is required for saponin sensation. We propose that in contrast to sensing many other bitter compounds, saponin sensing does not require the function of core taste receptors, such as GR32a, GR33a, and GR66a. Our results reveal a novel role for GR28b in taste. In addition, the ability of saponin to act as insecticides as well as antifeedants suggests its potential application in controlling insect pests.
aversive behavior, electrophysiology, GR28b (C), insecticide Subject Categories: Neuroscience
Gustatory receptor 28b is necessary for avoiding saponin in Drosophila melanogaster
Jiun Sang, 1 , † Suman Rimal, 1 , † and Youngseok Leecorresponding author 1
2019 Feb;
30471335
High-content screening data derived from physiologically-relevant in vitro models promise to improve confidence in data-integrative groupings for read-across in human health safety assessments. The biological data-based read-across concept is especially applicable to bioactive chemicals with defined mechanisms of toxicity; however, the challenge of data-derived groupings for chemicals that are associated with little or no bioactivity has not been explored. In this study, we apply a suite of organotypic and population-based in vitro models for comprehensive bioactivity profiling of twenty E-Series and P-Series glycol ethers, solvents with a broad variation in toxicity ranging from relatively non-toxic to reproductive and hematopoetic system toxicants. Both E-Series and P-Series glycol ethers elicited cytotoxicity only at high concentrations (mM range) in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes. Population-variability assessment comprised a study of cytotoxicity in 94 human lymphoblast cell lines from 9 populations and revealed differences in inter-individual variability across glycol ethers, but did not indicate population-specific effects. Data derived from various phenotypic and transcriptomic assays revealed consistent bioactivity trends between both cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes, indicating a more universal, rather than cell-type specific mode-of-action for the tested glycol ethers in vitro. In vitro bioactivity-based similarity assessment using Toxicological Priority Index (ToxPi) showed that glycol ethers group according to their alcohol chain length, longer chains were associated with increased bioactivity. While overall in vitro bioactivity profiles did not correlate with in vivo toxicity data on glycol ethers, in vitro bioactivity of E-series glycol ethers were indicative of and correlated with in vivo irritation scores.
new assessment methodologies, glycol ethers, in vitro, ToxPi, read-across, safety assessment
Multi-dimensional in vitro bioactivity profiling for grouping of glycol ethers
Fabian A. Grimm,† John S. House,*? Melinda R. Wilson,† Oksana Sirenko,§ Yasuhiro Iwata,† Fred A. Wright,* Nicholas Ball,¶ and Ivan Rusyn†
2020 Feb 1.
26571123
High-resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been the primary modality for obtaining 3D cross-sectional anatomical information in animals for soft tissue, particularly brain. However, costs associated with MRI can be considerably high for large phenotypic screens for gross differences in the structure of the brain due to pathology and/or experimental manipulations. MicroCT (mCT), especially benchtop mCT, is becoming a common laboratory equipment with throughput rates equal or faster than any form of high-resolution MRI at lower costs. Here we explore adapting previously developed contrast based mCT to image adult mouse brains in-situ. We show that 2% weight per volume (w/v) iodine-potassium iodide solution can be successfully used to image adult mouse brains within 48 hours post-mortem when a structural support matrix is used. We demonstrate that hydrogel can be effectively used as a perfusant which limits the tissue shrinkage due to iodine.
A Novel Procedure for Rapid Imaging of Adult Mouse Brains with MicroCT Using Iodine-Based Contrast
Ryan Anderson 1 and A. Murat Maga 1 , 2 , 3 ,*
2015;
Description :
Saponins are a class of chemical compounds of glycosides found in particular abundance in various plant species. In plants, saponins may serve as anti-feedants, and to protect the plant against microbes and fungi[1].